Excessive secretion of pituitary hormone can cause a series of metabolic disorders and organ damages. As such they are most frequently diagnosed as the result of investigating hormonal imbalance (usually excess production of one or more hormones).
As such, it is not unreasonable to discuss them separately. Ultimately, a pituitary adenoma can only be completely excluded with normal MRI, but if a patient has normal pituitary biochemistry (on screening for hypo- or hypersecretion if suspected) and normal visual fields, then it is unlikely that a pituitary adenoma is significantly contributing to symptoms and an MRI is not required. Rarely they can be an incidental finding, however as by their very nature microadenomas are difficult to identify on anything other than dedicated pituitary imagi… Pituitary adenomas are primary tumors that occur in the pituitary gland and are one of the most common intracranial neoplasms. bromocriptine or cabergoline).
This article is a general overview.Pituitary adenomas are common, with rates varying widely depending on the definition: population prevalence is approximately 0.1%; autopsy prevalence is around 15% Pituitary macroadenomas are approximately twice as common as microadenomas Pituitary adenomas present either due to hormonal imbalance (both microadenomas and macroadenomas) or mass effect on adjacent structures (macroadenomas), classically the It is also important to note that larger tumors can lead to hormonal imbalance due to mass effect rather than secretion. Hypopituitarism or moderately elevated prolactin are both seen, the later due to so-called stalk effect; prolactin release (unlike other pituitary hormones) is tonically inhibited by prolactin inhibitory hormone (PIH - a.k.a.
New Protocol for the MR Imaging of Pituitary Adenomas. Keywords: Pituitary adenoma, texture, MRI, T 2 WI, ADC, collagen content. Although it can dramatically reduce the size of a macroadenoma, it has been associated with an increased incidence of hemorrhage into the tumor Growth hormone secreting tumors are usually surgically resected, however, in recurrent cases or in patients who are not able to undergo surgery they can be treated with octreotide (a long-acting somatostatin analog). The detection of pituitary microadenomas can be a diagnostic challenge even with MRI. New sequences, such as FREEZEit StarVIBE and CAIPIRINHA VIBE, enable high-resolution, temporal and spatial, 3D dynamic studies. —Graph shows change in pituitary adenoma size after gamma knife radiosurgery. New sequences, such as FREEZEit StarVIBE and CAIPIRINHA VIBE, enable high-resolution, temporal and spatial, 3D dynamic studies.
To establish magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that differentiate residual tumors from postoperative surgical changes following the transsphenoidal approach of a pituitary adenoma… J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992; 16:519-528 [Google Scholar] 10. Depending on their size they are broadly classified into: pituitary microadenoma: less than 10 mm in size; pituitary macroadenoma: greater than 10 mm in size Depending on their size they are broadly classified into:Although this distinction is largely arbitrary, it is commonly used and does highlight an important fact: small intrapituitary lesions (microadenomas) present differently and have different surgical and imaging challenges from larger lesions (macroadenomas) that extend into the suprasellar region. It is also important to remember that numerous drugs that are dopamine antagonists will also elevate prolactin - see Most of the cases presenting due to mass effect are due to non-secreting macroadenomas Very rarely pituitary adenomas may be seen in extra-sellar ectopic locations, most commonly within sphenoid sinus.
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