The policy focused on the use of nuclear weapons and was intended as a way for the United States to meet its Cold War military obligations without putting too much strain on the country’s economy. He said that the "peace and mutual understanding" that Malenkov talked of could only be reached on what conditions?Freedom of a united Germany and independence for Eastern European nations under Soviet controlDespite Malenkov's talk about "peace and mutual understanding" and Eisenhower's "chance for peace speech" in response, Eisenhower's demands were inevitably rejected by the Soviets: why?Undermined Soviet security system won at the cost of approximately 30 million livesEisenhower's missed opportunity for peace was marked by Malenkov's replacement, whose volatility made peaceful coexistence unlikely - who was this?Despite the failure of Eisenhower to make the most of the new opportunity for peace that Malenkov represented, there was something of a thaw - signalled by what?First meeting of Soviet and US leaders since Potsdam in 1945 at Geneva in July 1955The Geneva summit, attended by the Soviets and the Americans, reflected the move toward a cold war thaw - yet no what were made?The nuclear arms race continued apace, and Eisenhower's calls for a test ban treaty at Geneva went nowhere - Khrushchev claimed 'open skies', in which each nation could check up on the nuclear production of another, to be a what (though satellites were about to make this a reality anyway)?The US created their first atomic bomb in 1945; what about the soviets?The US created their first hydrogen bomb in 1952; what about the Soviets?By 1961 the US had stockpiled how many nuclear bombs?Regarding the stockpile of nuclear weapons, which Eisenhower was under immense pressure to continue (which he did so, as the number produced by the US increased from 1,500 in 1953 to 6,000 in 1961), he said what?I don't know how many times you can kill the same manWhen did Eisenhower give the 'Atoms for Peace' speech?In his 'Atoms for Peace' speech of December 1953, Eisenhower suggested that..?nuclear resources be pooled for their peace cooperative useThe suggestion that nuclear resources by pooled for their peaceful use in Eisenhower's 'Atoms for Peace' speech in December 1953 was rejected by the Soviets because?They refused to give up any of their nuclear weapons as the US had stockpiled moreSputnik's launch in Oct 1957 caused great hysteria in America, with one scientist saying it to be what?Eisenhower, in an attempt to quell the hysterical public reaction to Sputnik in October 1957, reassured the nation that there was a difference between..?launching a satellite into space and firing an intercontinental ballistic missileThe press were antagonistic to Ike about Sputnik, yet he reacted with characteristic calmness - there would be no what in response?Great nuclear build up or fallout shelter programmeWhen did the Soviets launch Sputnik II, which was 300x heavier than Sputnik I and caused yet more hysteria amongst the American public and press?In response to the continued public hysteria caused by Sputnik (October 1957) and the 300x heavier Sputnik II (May 1958), triggered largely by the false belief that this automatically meant that the Soviets could now fire nuclear warheads across oceans, Eisenhower requested Congress to create what?Eisenhower faced criticism that he was neglecting defence, but he could not reassure the public by revealing the extent to which he used what?The CIA used methods of covert warfare - such as overthrowing "unacceptable" governments like those of..?Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954 and planned for CubaA covert warfare method used by the CIA was spying - either with individuals on the ground or with ..?reconnaissance planes capable of photographing the enemyEisenhower doubted U-2 flights, but the CIA promised that their would be no problems - the pilots were ordered to what?Press the self-destruct button if they run into troubleAfter four years of successful U-2 flights over the USSR, which pilot was shot down in 1960?Khrushchev cleverly kept the fact that the plane and pilot were intact a secret at first - so Eisenhower claimed that...?Eisenhower's claim that Gary Powers and the U-2 plane had been on a meteorological mission was proven false when the Soviets produced both pilot and plane intact - so what did the administration try to claim instead?Eventually a humiliated Eisenhower had to take responsibility for the Gary Powers U-2 flight of 1960 - making the Paris summit a few days later very tense.
Russia declines. Tap card to see definition . Some blame this strategy for the missile "gap".Quemoy and Matsu are to Taiwanese islands. Taft favored a "fortress America" approach to the cold war. This period was marked by significant changes in U.S. strategic doc- trine, a shift from the massive conventional buildup recommended by NSC-68 to- ward the New Look strategy of a lean and mean military that would rely on nuclear weapons. The real end to the crisis comes when the British negotiate the demilitarization of the islands.In 1957, Russia sends the first "satellite" to orbit the earth. Captured, Powers was put on trial in Russia, and the Soviets tried to use him against the US as proof that the US was conducting unauthorized spying on Soviet soil.
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