Specifically, the air temperature at an altitude where the There are some key elements that are required to form lake-effect precipitation and which determine its characteristics: instability, fetch, wind shear, upstream moisture, upwind lakes, synoptic (large)-scale forcing, orography/topography, and snow or ice cover. Secondly, the water temperature nears freezing, reducing overall latent heat energy available to produce squalls. Michigan, northern Indiana and northeast Ohio are most prone to lake effect snow each season since west and northwest winds usher chilly Canadian air across 80 to 120 miles of the Great Lakes, leading to intense lake effect snow showers. For lake-effect rain or snow to form, the air moving across the lake must be significantly cooler than the surface air (which is likely to be near the temperature of the water surface). Because most lakes are irregular in shape, different angular degrees of travel will yield different distances; typically a fetch of at least 100 km (62 mi) is required to produce lake effect precipitation. Fast moving mid-latitude cyclones, known as Cold winds in the winter typically prevail from the northwest in the Great Lakes region, producing the most dramatic lake-effect snowfalls on the southern and eastern shores of the Lake-effect snows on the Tug Hill plateau (east of Fulton, New York after a snowburst dropped 4–6 feet (122–183 cm) of snow over most of Oswego County January 28–31, 2004. Cold winds in the winter typically prevail from the northwest in the Great Lakes region, producing the most dramatic lake-effect snowfalls on the southern and eastern shores of the Great Lakes.
Heavy snow may be falling in one location, while the sun may be shining just a mile or two away in either direction. The physical geography of the land and water is also important. The same effect also occurs over bodies of salt water, when it is termed If the air temperature is low enough to keep the precipitation frozen, it falls as lake-effect snow. Because Southwestern Ontario is surrounded by water on three sides, many parts of Southwestern and Central Ontario get a large part of their winter snow from lake-effect snow.Lake Superior has its own independent snowbelts, affecting Similar snowfall can occur near large inland bays, where it is known as bay-effect snow.
Atmospheric The distance that an air mass travels over a body of water is called fetch. Lake effect snow is common across the Great Lakes region during the late fall and winter. Due to its location on a peninsula between the Black Sea and the In Northern Europe, cold, dry air masses from Russia can blow over the The Sea of Japan creates snowfall in the mountainous western Japanese prefectures of Because the Aegean Sea (Greece), is warm in the winter, when cold air masses from Siberia advance in the area, they pick up lots of moisture, resulting in heavy snowfalls in eastern Moving of polar or Siberian high pressure centers along In the United Kingdom, easterly winds bringing cold continental air across the Since the North Sea is relatively warm (around 13 °C or 55.4 °F at the beginning of winter, typically 10 to 6 °C or 50 to 43 °F by the end), sufficiently cold air aloft can create significant snowfalls in a relatively short period of time. While the lake, or any other sufficiently large body of water, for that matter, provides moisture to aid in the development of lake-effect snow, additional moisture is sometimes required if the wind speeds are strong.When winds are too strong, they don't have enough time to pick up the lake's moisture for organized snow bands to form.Upwind of the Great Lakes, northeast Canada's Hudson Bay will sometimes fuel the incoming arctic air mas… Other Areas with Lake Effect Snow Lake Effect occurs over all of the Great Lakes, usually at the southeastern shores.
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